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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

（中国这十年·见微）黄河岸边好风景：“天鹅湖”畔“古镇兴”******

　　中新社太原10月12日电 题：黄河岸边好风景：“天鹅湖”畔“古镇兴”

　　作者 杨佩佩

　　秋冬季节，“黄土高原第一湖”圣天湖将变身“天鹅湖”。

　　从近千只增加到近万只，十年来，从西伯利亚飞来的大天鹅成了山西省运城市芮城县圣天湖的“常客”。

　　“环境越来越好，与我相伴的大天鹅已从几十只到如今上万只。”距离芮城县几十公里的平陆黄河湿地，大天鹅数量也逐年增加，何建喜是这里的一名巡护员，陪伴大天鹅十余年。

　　于何建喜而言，大天鹅就如同回家过年的孩子。“我就住在黄河边，每年它们快来时，我每天都去河边转转，等着它们。”

　　除了大天鹅将黄河沿岸水域选作越冬栖息地，黑鹳、灰鹤、火烈鸟、大鸨、丹顶鹤等越来越多的野生动物“做客”山西，山西省林业和草原局野生动植物保护处处长王裔飞向记者分享道。

　　这些远方来客的身影从平陆、芮城等山西南部沿黄湿地，已逐步向汾河、桑干河、沁河等流域扩散，诸多城市周边湿地也成了它们的“驿站”。

　　山西段一泓清水入黄河，喜上眉梢的当然少不了当地民众。“天鹅湖”的美景增添了冬日情趣；水质提升更让内陆民众有更多“亲水”机会。

　　汾河，被称为山西“母亲河”，是黄河的第二大支流。曾经因产业畸重，汾河水质污染严重，两岸黄土裸露、垃圾遍地，“老太原”避之不及。

　　如今，汾水清流，水鸟栖息。民众不仅能够进行水上运动，还能乘船游览汾河两岸美景，再现“泛楼船兮济汾河，横中流兮扬素波”景象。

　　如此景象来之不易。黄河流经山西，水流量偏小，泥沙含量偏大，水文特征复杂；改善水域环境更需“组合拳”。

　　近年来，山西省开展黄河流域林草生态建设，实施山水林田湖草沙综合治理、系统治理，并采取湿地保护与恢复、退耕还湿、湿地生态效益补偿工程等措施。黄河中下游最大的国家级湿地保护区圣天湖湿地、平陆黄河湿地、汾河等水域的“强壮体魄”与“吸引力”都来自于此。

　　蓝天碧水青山渐成常态，背后还有这样的绿色支撑——十年来，山西每年造林都在400万亩以上，森林覆盖率由2010年的18.03%提升至2020年的23.57%，历史性超过全国平均水平。

　　“黄河宁，天下平。”黄河怀抱着中原激荡，由此孕育出的渡口文化依然福泽民众。

　　在“黄河第一镇”临县碛口古镇，随处可见游客坐在黄河岸边，一边听着黄河涛声，一边享用农家饭。

　　多年前，当地依托黄河文化发展旅游，吸引全国各地的艺术、摄影爱好者，年过六旬的李世喜也借此机会吃上“旅游饭”。

　　自小在黄河边长大，李世喜目前为山西省非物质文化遗产项目黄河纤夫传承人。“现在不仅开民宿，还经常去碛口古镇影视街当演员，展示非遗文化，一年挣近10万元(人民币)，生活一年比一年好。”(完)

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）